최기환 Khee Hwan Choi , 안명진 Myung Jin Ann , 손홍하 Hong Ha Son , 김경섭 Kyong Seub Kim , 이상민 Sang Min Lee , 정지희 Ji Hee Jeong

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Abstract

To develop lipstick products with superior moisturizing effect using moisture base, bound water capacity and water holding capacity were investigated by DSC. Bound water capacity of the lipstick sample excluding moisture base is found to be 5.12 %. DSC measurement showed that bound water capacity and the concentration of moisture base were positively correlated. Additionally, DSC measurements and in vitro effective water holding capacity measurement showed similar patterns. Therefore, measuring of bound water capacity by DSC can predict the moisturizing effect of lipstick products.

Key Words

bound water, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), lipstick

조완구 Wan Goo Cho , 한상길 Sang Gil Han

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Abstract

The influence of different dilution procedures on the properties of oil-in-water (O/W) nano-emulsions obtained by dilution of oil-in-ethanol (O/E) microemulsions with water has been studied. The system water/ethanol/nonionic surfactant/silicone oil with ethanol was chosen as model system. The dilution procedures consisted of adding water (or microemulsion) stepwise. By mixing O/E microemulsions into water, nano-emulsions with droplet diameters of 30 nm were obtained. In contrast, by mixing water into O/E microemulsion, emulsions with diameter of 400 nm were obtained The dilution methods were shown to be a key factor determining the properties of the emulsions. There were no change in diameters of nanoemulsion droplets against time, however sizes of droplets in the emulsion with larger droplets were increased with time and the mechanism of unstability was thought to be Ostwald ripening.

Key Words

nanoemulsions, microemulsions, self-emulsification, dilution

김경민 Kyung Min Kim , 김성호 Sung Ho Kim , 이근수 Geun Su Lee , 강기춘 Ki Choon Kang , 표형배 Hyeong Bae Pyo

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Abstract

One of the popular formulations is microemulsion in cosmetics. A kind of microemulsions is liquid crystal emulsion. Liquid crystal emulsion is used by wrapping functional ingredients. As the meaning of the name, Liquid crystals (LCs) are a state of matter that has properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal. There are various types of Liquid crystals (LCs) consisting of micelles or two layer structures of surfactants. Recently, microemulsion has been studied to improve its stability in thermodynamics of colloid science field. In this study, we prepared the microemulsion with PEG-8 Capryliccapric Glycerides and Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate. We studied the microemulsion with different oil types and different and cosurfactant content ratio. Also, the aim of this study is to develop a facial oil or a cleansing oil containing liquid crystal emulsion with functional ingredients.

Key Words

microemulsion, liquid Crylstal, PEG-8 Capryliccapric Glycerides, Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate

이해란 Hailan Li , 정효순 Hyo-soon Jeong , 김잔디 Jandi Kim , 윤혜영 Hye-young Yun , 백광진 Kwang Jin Baek , 권년수 Nyoun Soo Kwon , 민영실 Young Sil Min , 박경찬 Kyoung-chan Park , 김동석 Dong-seok Kim

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Abstract

European Union prohibited the marketing of cosmetic products containing constituents that have been examined through animal experiments. Thus, non-animal test models are needed to replace animal experiments. The reconstructed skin models are important as a test system for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and medical device safety testing. In the present study, we tried to develop an optimal skin equivalent model containing basement membrane and epidermis. For this purpose, we used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or preadipocytes as well as fibroblasts as the dermal matrix cells. The formation of basement membrane and epidermis was verified by immunohistochemical stains. Among various models, the epidermis was thickest when MSCs were used in the dermal matrix. Furthermore, PCNA and involucrin distribution showed that dermal matrix with MSCs resembled human skin. Therefore, skin equivalents with MSCs could be developed as a non-animal test model to replace animal experiments.

Key Words

basement membrane, mesenchymal stem cell, non-animal test, preadipocytes, skin equivalent

조나래 Na Rae Jo , 박민아 Min A Park , 채교영 Kyo Young Chae , 박수아 Su Ah Park , 전소하 So Ha Jeon , 하지훈 Ji Hoon Ha , 박수남 Soo Nam Park

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Abstract

In this study, the cellular protective effects on HaCaT cells and human erythrocytes and antioxidative effects of P. tricuspidata stem extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate (50 μ g/mL) and aglycone fraction (25 μ g/mL) of P. tricuspidata stem extracts doesn't show any characteristics of cytotoxicity. When HaCaT cells were treated with 10 mM H₂O₂ and 30 μ M rose bengal, the ethyl acetate (6.25 ∼ 50 μ g/mL) and aglycone (6.25 ∼ 25 μ g/mL) fraction protected the cells against the oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner. The P. tricuspidata stem extracts showed more prominent cellular protective effect than (+)-α-tocopherol, known as lipid antioxidant at 10 μ g/mL. The ethylacetate fraction of P. tricuspidata stem extracts (18.5 μ g/mL) showed more free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC5₅₀). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (OSC₅₀) of P. tricuspidata stem extracts on ROS generated in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system was investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate (1.72 μ g/mL) and the aglycone fraction (1.53 μ g/mL) showed similar ROS scavenging activity of L-ascorbic acid (1.50 μ g/mL). These results indicate that extract/fractions of P. tricuspidata stem extracts can function as natural cytoprotective agents and antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by protecting cellular membrane against ROS.

Key Words

parthenocissus tricuspidata stem extracts, cellular protective effect, reactive oxygen species, antioxidative activity

김수경 Sukyung Kim , 김정기 Jeong Kee Kim , 서대방 Dae-bang Seo , 이상준 Sang Jun Lee

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Abstract

Coumestrol is one of phytoalexins synthesized in response to environmental stress, and commonly found in natural foods such as alfalfa sprouts, clovers, and soybean. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying protective effect of coumestrol against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. We found that pretreatment with coumestrol enhanced the UVB-suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis through regulation of Sirt1 expression and activity, and its downstream gene regulation such as PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. Moreover, the ATP and ROS production was restored to normal status and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts leading to skin photoaging in skin fibroblasts was blocked by coumestrol pretreatment before UVB irradiation. These findings indicate that coumestrol might potentially prevent skin photoaging induced by mitochondrial damage and glycated protein production in dermal fibroblasts.

Key Words

coumestrol, advanced glycation endproducts, mitochondrial biogenesis, Sirt1, photoaging

장윤희 Yun-hee Chang , 류종성 Jong-seong Ryu , 이상화 Sang-hwa Lee , 박선규 Sun Gyoo Park , 하리다타바타라이 Hari Datta Bhattarai , 임정한 Joung Han Yim , 진무현 Moo Hyun Jin

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Abstract

Ramalin (γ-glutamyl-N'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)hydrazide) isolated from the Antarctic lichen Ramalina terebrata has been shown to have strong antioxidant activities in the previous study. To investigate additional activities of ramalin, we studied the effects of ramalin on melanogenesis in melan-a cells, a non-tumorigenic melanocyte cell line. At a non-cytotoxic concentration, ramalin dramatically decreased melanin synthesis in melan-a cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was more potent than arbutin, a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor. Ramalin inhibited cell-free tyrosinase activity directly and intracellular tyrosinase activity as well. Its inhibitory mechanisms on melanin production were further assessed, and we found that ramalin significantly decreased the protein levels of melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). However, the mRNA levels of these enzymes were not altered. In a clinical study, application of 0.2 % ramalin on human skin significantly improved the degree of skin brightness after 3 weeks. In conclusion, ramalin has strong anti-melanogenic activity that is exerted both by the direct inhibition of tyrosinase activity and by down-regulation of melanogenic proteins. Furthermore, ramalin showed skin brightening effect in a clinical study. Collectively, these results suggest that ramalin may be a useful inhibitor for melanogenesis in skin.

Key Words

ramalina terebrata, ramalin, melanogenesis, tyrosinase, melan-a cell

이찬 Chan Lee , 장정희 Jung-hee Jang , 김보애 Bo-ae Kim , 박찬익 Chan-ik Park

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Abstract

The skin is continuously exposed to environmental stresses. One of the most important stress factor is UV radiation. UV radiation causes a variety of biological effects on the skin, including inflammation, pigmentation, photoaging and cancer. Therefore in this study, we tried to search for skin-protective antioxidant materials from marine natural products (Porphyra Thalli, Laminariae japonicae thallus, Ostreae Concha, Sargassum Thallus, Undaria thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Agar, Codium thalli, Hizikia fusiforme thalli; HFE, Thalli) which exhibit protective activities against UVB-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative cell death and antiaging effects. As a results, UVB-induced cytotoxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by treatment of Sargassum Thallus, Agar, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, Thalli ethanol extracts. UVB-induced cell death was mediated by intracellular accumulation or ROS, which was significantly inhibited by treatment with marine natural products extracts. Also, The protective effect of these marine natural products seemed to be mediated by increased expression of type Ⅰ collagen and Type Ⅰ procollagen. These results suggest that marine natural products may have anti-aging effects new functional materials against oxidative stress-mediated skin damages.

Key Words

HS68 human skin fibroblast, ultraviolet B, marine natural extracts, antiaging, antioxidant

송교선 Kyosun Song , 부용출 Yong Chool Boo

DOI:

Abstract

Recent studies have uncovered attractive properties of para-coumaric acid (PCA) as a potential skin hywhitening agent. The purpose of the current study was to examine its UVB-shielding effects. Effects of PCA on the viability of HaCaT cells exposed to UVB were assessed in vitro in comparison with other aromatic amino acid metabolites that have similar UV absorption spectra. For in vivo test, PCA cream (1.5 %) and cream base were topically applied to the dorsal skin of SKH-1 hairless mice and the inflammatory responses due to UVB exposure were monitored by changes in skin color (erythema) and thickness (edema). The cream application-UVB exposure regimen was repeated every other day for a total of 12 sessions. When HaCaT cells were irradiated with UVB, there was a dose-dependent decline in cell viability. The cell viability decline due to UVB exposure (10 mJ cm^-2) was significantly prevented by 100 μM PCA, cinnamic acid, urocanic acid, or indole acrylic acid by 39, 27, 39, or 31 %, respectively. Topical application of PCA cream onto the dorsal skin of hairless mice (10 μg cm^-2) attenuated the changes of color parameters, L^*, a^*, b^* values, and thickness of the UVB (150 mJ cm^-2)-exposed skin by 59, 50, 58, and 53 %, respectively. The current study, together with the previous studies that demonstrated the antimelanogenic effects of PCA, suggested that PCA may prevent not only dyspigmentation but also inflammatory reactions in the UVB-exposed skin.

Key Words

para-coumaric acid, ultraviolet radiation, keratinocytes viability, hairless mouse, inflammatory response

최창환 Chang Hwan Choi , 원두현 Doo Hyun Won , 황준필 Jun Pil Hwang , 박수남 Soo Nam Park

DOI:

Abstract

In this study, the antioxidative effects of extracts from different parts of Juncus effusus L. were investigated. The three parts (above-ground part, below-ground part, medulla part) were selected. 50 % ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions of J. effusus L. were used in experiments. The highest DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities (FSC₅₀) was shown by medulla part (42.9 μ g/mL) in 50 % ethanol extracts, below-ground part (12.1 μ g/mL) in ethyl acetate fractions, and below-ground part (12.1 μ g/mL) in aglycone fractions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) on ROS generated in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay showed the most prominent effect of medulla part (0.29 μ g/mL) in 50 % ethanol extracts, below-ground part (0.25 μ g/mL) in ethyl acetate fractions, and medulla part (0.20 μ g/mL) in aglycone fractions. The cellular protective effects of extract/fractions of J. effusus L. on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were increased in a concentration dependent manner (0.5 ∼ 10 μ g/mL). Especially, aglycone fraction of medulla part at a concentration of 10 μ g/mL showed the most prominent protective effect among all extracts (τ₅₀, 321.0 min). These results indicate that extracts from below-ground part and medulla part of J. effusus L. extracts can be used as an natural antioxidant. Particularly, J. effusus L. can protect suggesting a high τ₅₀ skin where many ¹O₂ was generated by sunlight exposure.

Key Words

J. effusus L., antioxidative activity, singlet oxygen, cell protection